See mamula on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mamula (accusative singular mamulan, plural mamulaj, accusative plural mamulajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "eo",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "eo:Mammals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 31 13 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 38 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 39 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mammalian"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "vertebrate",
"translation": "vertebrate",
"word": "vertebra"
}
],
"id": "en-mamula-eo-adj-QrjXQw1X",
"links": [
[
"mammalian",
"mammalian"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mambesto"
},
{
"english": "mammal",
"translation": "mammal",
"word": "mamulo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈmula/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*méh₂meh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méh₂meh₂"
],
[
"*mā́ˀmāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/mā́ˀmāˀ"
],
[
"*màma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mama"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Old_Polish"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
],
[
"*-uľa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-uľa#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Polish"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mama",
"4": "-ula",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méh₂meh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀmāˀ\nProto-Slavic *màma\nOld Polish mama\nPolish mama\nProto-Slavic *-uľa\nPolish -ula\nPolish mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*mā́ˀmāˀ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*màma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"mama\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"mama\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-uľa\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mama + -ula.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méh₂meh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀmāˀ\nProto-Slavic *màma\nOld Polish mama\nPolish mama\nProto-Slavic *-uľa\nPolish -ula\nPolish mamula\nFrom mama + -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulińka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamuliczka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "mamulka,mamulińka,mamuliczka"
},
"expansion": "mamula f (diminutive mamulka or mamulińka or mamuliczka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ula",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "pl:Female family members",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "pl:Female people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Parents",
"orig": "pl:Parents",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 31 13 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 62 7 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 70 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of mama"
],
"id": "en-mamula-pl-noun-1G158EP~",
"links": [
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Central Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy) diminutive of mama"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-#Proto-Austronesian:_affix"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*paN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paN-"
],
[
"*maN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/maN-"
],
[
"mang-",
"mang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"*pula",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/pula"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_red"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_red"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mam-",
"4": "pula<t:red><id:red>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*-um-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*paN-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*maN-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mang-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mam-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }, { \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*pula\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pula\", \"gloss\" : \"red\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mam- + pula (“red”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\nFrom mam- + pula (“red”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulá",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"tags": [
"completive"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"tags": [
"contemplative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tl-infl-mang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mang-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜅ᜔",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "actor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "kapapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "pamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mamulá",
"2": "namula",
"3": "namumula",
"4": "mamumula",
"b": "+",
"type": "actor III"
},
"expansion": "mamulá (complete namula, progressive namumula, contemplative mamumula, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜎ)",
"name": "tl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "u",
"3": "la",
"4": "total"
},
"name": "tl-infl-mang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mang- / ᜋᜅ᜔",
"10": "pula / ᜉᜓᜎ",
"11": "¹ Dialectal use only. Not used in Standard Tagalog.",
"2": "actor",
"3": "mamula / ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"4": "namula / ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"5": "namumula / ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"6": "mamumula / ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"7": "kapamumula / ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"8": "kakapamula / ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ\nkapapamula / ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"9": "pamula¹ / ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"title": "mamula"
},
"name": "tl-infl-table"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 31 13 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with mam-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 35 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumi pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 37 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to turn blood red"
],
"id": "en-mamula-tl-verb-nhDS~Z8x",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
],
[
"red",
"red"
]
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 31 13 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 51 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with mam-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 35 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumi pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 37 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to blush"
],
"id": "en-mamula-tl-verb-F3KmdTL2",
"links": [
[
"blush",
"blush"
]
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mamuˈla/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.mʊˈla]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-#Proto-Austronesian:_affix"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*paN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paN-"
],
[
"*maN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/maN-"
],
[
"mang-",
"mang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_adverse_criticism"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_adverse_criticism"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mam-",
"4": "pula<t:act of defaming><id:adverse criticism>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*-um-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*paN-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*maN-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mang-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mam-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverse criticism\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pula\", \"gloss\" : \"act of defaming\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mam- + pula (“act of defaming”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\nFrom mam- + pula (“act of defaming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulà",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"tags": [
"completive"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"tags": [
"contemplative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tl-infl-mang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mang-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜅ᜔",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "actor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "kapapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "pamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mamulà",
"2": "namula",
"3": "namumula",
"4": "mamumula",
"b": "+",
"type": "actor III"
},
"expansion": "mamulà (complete namula, progressive namumula, contemplative mamumula, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜎ)",
"name": "tl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "u",
"3": "la",
"4": "total"
},
"name": "tl-infl-mang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mang- / ᜋᜅ᜔",
"10": "pula / ᜉᜓᜎ",
"11": "¹ Dialectal use only. Not used in Standard Tagalog.",
"2": "actor",
"3": "mamula / ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"4": "namula / ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"5": "namumula / ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"6": "mamumula / ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"7": "kapamumula / ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"8": "kakapamula / ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ\nkapapamula / ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"9": "pamula¹ / ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"title": "mamula"
},
"name": "tl-infl-table"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 37 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with mam-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 37 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 35 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumi pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 37 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to insult; to defame"
],
"id": "en-mamula-tl-verb-Grmwno9H",
"links": [
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mamintas"
},
{
"word": "manirang-puri"
}
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈmulaʔ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐˈmuː.lɐʔ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulaʔ"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mamula (accusative singular mamulan, plural mamulaj, accusative plural mamulajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "vertebrate",
"translation": "vertebrate",
"word": "vertebra"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "mambesto"
},
{
"english": "mammal",
"translation": "mammal",
"word": "mamulo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 3-syllable words",
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ula",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ula/3 syllables",
"eo:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"mammalian"
],
"links": [
[
"mammalian",
"mammalian"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈmula/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*méh₂meh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méh₂meh₂"
],
[
"*mā́ˀmāˀ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/mā́ˀmāˀ"
],
[
"*màma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mama"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Old_Polish"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
],
[
"*-uľa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-uľa#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Polish"
],
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mama",
"4": "-ula",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méh₂meh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀmāˀ\nProto-Slavic *màma\nOld Polish mama\nPolish mama\nProto-Slavic *-uľa\nPolish -ula\nPolish mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*mā́ˀmāˀ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*màma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"mama\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"mama\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-uľa\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mama + -ula.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *méh₂meh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀmāˀ\nProto-Slavic *màma\nOld Polish mama\nPolish mama\nProto-Slavic *-uľa\nPolish -ula\nPolish mamula\nFrom mama + -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamulińka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamuliczka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "mamulka,mamulińka,mamuliczka"
},
"expansion": "mamula f (diminutive mamulka or mamulińka or mamuliczka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Greater Poland Polish",
"Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish diminutive nouns",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ula",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pl:Female family members",
"pl:Female people",
"pl:Parents"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mama"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of mama"
],
"links": [
[
"mama",
"mama#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Central Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy) diminutive of mama"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[maˈmu.la]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/a",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/a/3 syllables",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ulaʔ",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ulaʔ/3 syllables",
"Tagalog 3-syllable words",
"Tagalog 3rd actor trigger verbs",
"Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"Tagalog entries with etymology trees",
"Tagalog entries with etymon",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog terms prefixed with mam-",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumi pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"Tagalog verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-#Proto-Austronesian:_affix"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*paN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paN-"
],
[
"*maN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/maN-"
],
[
"mang-",
"mang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"*pula",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/pula"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_red"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_red"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mam-",
"4": "pula<t:red><id:red>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*-um-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*paN-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*maN-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mang-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mam-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }, { \"id\" : \"red\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*pula\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pula\", \"gloss\" : \"red\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mam- + pula (“red”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\nFrom mam- + pula (“red”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulá",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"tags": [
"completive"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"tags": [
"contemplative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tl-infl-mang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mang-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜅ᜔",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "actor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "kapapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "pamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mamulá",
"2": "namula",
"3": "namumula",
"4": "mamumula",
"b": "+",
"type": "actor III"
},
"expansion": "mamulá (complete namula, progressive namumula, contemplative mamumula, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜎ)",
"name": "tl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "u",
"3": "la",
"4": "total"
},
"name": "tl-infl-mang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mang- / ᜋᜅ᜔",
"10": "pula / ᜉᜓᜎ",
"11": "¹ Dialectal use only. Not used in Standard Tagalog.",
"2": "actor",
"3": "mamula / ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"4": "namula / ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"5": "namumula / ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"6": "mamumula / ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"7": "kapamumula / ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"8": "kakapamula / ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ\nkapapamula / ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"9": "pamula¹ / ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"title": "mamula"
},
"name": "tl-infl-table"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to turn blood red"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
],
[
"red",
"red"
]
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to blush"
],
"links": [
[
"blush",
"blush"
]
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mamuˈla/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.mʊˈla]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ulaʔ",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ulaʔ/3 syllables",
"Tagalog 3-syllable words",
"Tagalog 3rd actor trigger verbs",
"Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"Tagalog entries with etymology trees",
"Tagalog entries with etymon",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog terms prefixed with mam-",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumi pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"Tagalog verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/-um-#Proto-Austronesian:_affix"
],
[
"*-um-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/-um-"
],
[
"*paN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paN-"
],
[
"*maN-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/maN-"
],
[
"mang-",
"mang-#Tagalog"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_adverse_criticism"
],
[
"mam-",
"mam-#Tagalog"
],
[
"pula",
"pula#Tagalog:_adverse_criticism"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mam-",
"4": "pula<t:act of defaming><id:adverse criticism>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*-um-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*paN-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Blend of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"blend\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian\", \"term\" : \"*maN-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"poz-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mang-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mam-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverse criticism\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pula\", \"gloss\" : \"act of defaming\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"mamula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"mamula\">\nFrom mam- + pula (“act of defaming”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Austronesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *-um-\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *paN-\nblend\nProto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-\nTagalog mang-\nTagalog mam-\nTagalog pula\nTagalog mamula\nFrom mam- + pula (“act of defaming”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mamulà",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"tags": [
"completive"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"tags": [
"contemplative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tl-infl-mang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mang-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜅ᜔",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "actor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "namula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "namumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"progressive"
]
},
{
"form": "mamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapamumula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kakapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "kapapamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "pamula",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"imperative",
"informal"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"informal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mamulà",
"2": "namula",
"3": "namumula",
"4": "mamumula",
"b": "+",
"type": "actor III"
},
"expansion": "mamulà (complete namula, progressive namumula, contemplative mamumula, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜎ)",
"name": "tl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧mu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "u",
"3": "la",
"4": "total"
},
"name": "tl-infl-mang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mang- / ᜋᜅ᜔",
"10": "pula / ᜉᜓᜎ",
"11": "¹ Dialectal use only. Not used in Standard Tagalog.",
"2": "actor",
"3": "mamula / ᜋᜋᜓᜎ",
"4": "namula / ᜈᜋᜓᜎ",
"5": "namumula / ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"6": "mamumula / ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"7": "kapamumula / ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜎ",
"8": "kakapamula / ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜎ\nkapapamula / ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜎ",
"9": "pamula¹ / ᜉ ᜋᜓᜎ",
"title": "mamula"
},
"name": "tl-infl-table"
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to insult; to defame"
],
"links": [
[
"insult",
"insult"
],
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mamintas"
},
{
"word": "manirang-puri"
}
],
"tags": [
"actor-iii"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈmulaʔ/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐˈmuː.lɐʔ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulaʔ"
}
],
"word": "mamula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mamula meaning in All languages combined (18.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Gopło, Kowal, Rakutowo, Central Greater Poland, Kostrzyn, Iwno, Eastern Greater Poland, Szołajdy",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'affix'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'root word'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'trigger'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'contemplative'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'recently complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'recently complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'affix'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'root word'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'trigger'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'contemplative'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'recently complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'recently complete'",
"path": [
"mamula"
],
"section": "Tagalog",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "mamula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.